Photovoltaic (PV) systems are a type of technology that converts sunlight into electricity. They work by using solar cells, which are made of semiconductor materials that can absorb light and convert it into electricity. When sunlight hits the solar cells, it causes the electrons in the semiconductor material to become excited and move around, creating an electric current. This current is then collected and sent through an inverter, which converts it into alternating current (AC) that can be used to power homes and businesses.